Electric vehicle motors refer to drive motors used in electric vehicles. According to its use environment and frequency of use, the form is also different. Different types of motors have different characteristics. Electric vehicle motors generally use permanent magnet DC motors. Electric vehicle motors are classified according to the energization form of the motor, which can be divided into two categories: brushed motors and brushless motors; according to the mechanical structure of the motor assembly, they are generally divided into "toothed" (the motor speed is high, and it needs to go through the gear Deceleration) and "toothless" (motor torque output does not undergo any deceleration) two categories

It is composed of stator poles, rotor, brushes, housing, etc.
The stator poles use permanent magnets (permanent magnetic steel), including ferrite, AlNiCo, NdFeB and other materials. According to its structure, it can be divided into cylinder type and tile type.
The rotor is generally made of laminated silicon steel sheets, and the enameled wire is wound between the two slots of the rotor core (three slots means three windings), and its joints are respectively welded to the metal sheets of the commutator.
The brush is a conductive part that connects the power supply and the rotor winding. It has both conductive and wear-resistant properties. The brushes of permanent magnet motors use single-sex metal sheets, metal graphite brushes, and electrochemical graphite brushes.

It is composed of permanent magnet rotor, multi-pole winding stator, position sensor and so on. The feature of brushless DC motor is that it is brushless and uses semiconductor switching devices (such as Hall elements) to realize electronic commutation, that is, electronic switching devices are used to replace traditional contact commutators and brushes. It has the advantages of high reliability, no reversing sparks, and low mechanical noise.
The position sensor commutates the current of the stator winding in a certain order according to the change of the rotor position (that is, detects the position of the rotor pole relative to the stator winding, and generates a position sensing signal at a certain position, which is processed by the signal conversion circuit. Control the power switch circuit and switch the winding current according to a certain logical relationship).

It is composed of stator core, magnetic steel rotor, sun gear, deceleration clutch, hub shell, etc.

A Hall sensor can be installed on the motor cover for speed measurement.
There are three types of position sensors: magnetic sensitive, photoelectric and electromagnetic.
For brushless DC motors using magnetic-sensitive position sensors, the magnetic-sensitive sensor components (such as Hall elements, magneto-sensitive diodes, magneto-sensitive pole tubes, magneto-sensitive resistors or application-specific integrated circuits, etc.) are installed on the stator assembly. To detect the change of the magnetic field generated when the permanent magnet and the rotor rotate. Hall elements are commonly used in electric vehicles.

The brushless DC motor with photoelectric position sensor is equipped with a photoelectric sensor in a certain position on the stator assembly, a light shield is installed on the rotor, and the light source is a light-emitting diode or a small light bulb. When the rotor rotates, the photosensitive components on the stator will generate pulse signals intermittently at a certain frequency due to the effect of the light shield.

Brushless DC motors using electromagnetic position sensors are equipped with electromagnetic sensor components (such as coupling transformers, proximity switches, LC resonance circuits, etc.) on the stator assembly. When the position of the permanent magnet rotor changes, the electromagnetic effect will cause the electromagnetic sensor Produces a high-frequency modulation signal (the amplitude of which varies with the position of the rotor).
The working voltage of the stator winding is provided by an electronic switch circuit controlled by the output of the position sensor.