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The stator is stationary in space, while the rotor can rotate around the shaft and is supported by bearings.
There will be a certain air gap between the stator and the rotor to ensure that the rotor can rotate freely.
The stator and the rotor are wound with coils, and a current is applied to generate a magnetic field, which becomes an electromagnet. One of the stator and the rotor can also be a permanent magnet.
