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An electric motor is a device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. It is a fundamental component used in various applications across industries and daily life. Electric motors work based on the principles of electromagnetism, where the interaction between electric currents and magnetic fields produces a rotational or linear motion.
Here are the key components and working principles of an electric motor:
Stator: The stator is the stationary part of the electric motor and typically consists of a cylindrical core made of laminated iron. It contains evenly spaced windings or coils that are connected to an external power source.
Rotor: The rotor is the rotating part of the electric motor. It is usually mounted on a shaft and is composed of a set of electromagnets or permanent magnets. The rotor's magnetic field interacts with the magnetic field produced by the stator to generate motion.
Commutator (in some motors): In certain types of electric motors, such as brushed DC motors, a commutator is present. The commutator is a segmented cylindrical structure that changes the direction of the electric current flowing through the rotor's coils, ensuring continuous rotation.
Brushes (in some motors): Brushed motors use brushes, typically made of carbon or graphite, to make electrical contact with the commutator and supply current to the rotor. The brushes and commutator transfer power from the stationary stator to the rotating rotor.
Bearings: Electric motors incorporate bearings to support the rotor shaft and minimize friction. Bearings allow the rotor to rotate smoothly and efficiently.
When an electric current flows through the stator windings, it creates a magnetic field. The interaction between this magnetic field and the rotor's magnetic field generates a torque that causes the rotor to rotate. The rotational motion can be harnessed to perform various tasks, such as driving machinery, operating pumps, powering vehicles, and more.
