An electric vehicle refers to a vehicle that is powered by an on-board power supply and driven by a motor to drive wheels, and meets the requirements of road traffic and safety regulations. It uses electricity stored in the battery to start. Sometimes 12 or 24 batteries are used when driving a car, sometimes more.
1. Technical characteristics of electric vehicles
●No pollution, low noise
The exhaust gas produced by electric vehicles without internal combustion engines during operation does not produce exhaust pollution, which is very beneficial to environmental protection and air cleaning, and it is almost "zero pollution". As we all know, the pollutants such as CO, HC, NOX, particulates, and odor in the exhaust gas of internal combustion engine vehicles form acid rain, acid mist and photochemical smog. Electric vehicles have no noise generated by internal combustion engines, and the noise of electric motors is also smaller than that of internal combustion engines. Noise is also harmful to human hearing, nerves, cardiovascular, digestion, endocrine, and immune systems.
●High energy efficiency and diversification
Research on electric vehicles has shown that their energy efficiency has surpassed that of gasoline-powered vehicles. Especially when running in cities, where cars go and stop, the speed is not high, so electric cars are more suitable. The electric vehicle does not consume electricity when it stops. During the braking process, the electric motor can be automatically converted into a generator to realize the reuse of energy during braking and deceleration. Some studies have shown that the same crude oil is crudely refined, sent to the power plant for power generation, charged into the battery, and then the battery drives the car. Its energy efficiency is higher than that of the refined gasoline and then the gasoline engine to drive the car, so it is conducive to saving energy. And reduce carbon dioxide emissions. On the other hand, the application of electric vehicles can effectively reduce dependence on petroleum resources, and can use limited petroleum for more important aspects. The electricity charged to the battery can be converted from coal, natural gas, water power, nuclear power, solar power, wind power, tides and other energy sources. In addition, if you charge the battery at night, you can also avoid peak power consumption, which is beneficial to the power grid to balance the load and reduce costs.
●Simple structure, easy to use and maintain. Compared with internal combustion engine vehicles, electric vehicles have simpler structures, fewer running and transmission parts, and less maintenance work. When an AC induction motor is used, the motor does not require maintenance, and more importantly, the electric vehicle is easy to manipulate.
●The use cost of power source is high, and the driving range is short. At present, electric vehicles are not as well-developed as internal combustion engine vehicles, especially the power source (battery) has a short life and high operating cost. The storage capacity of the battery is small, the mileage after a single charge is not ideal, and the price of electric vehicles is more expensive. But from the perspective of development, with the advancement of science and technology and the investment of corresponding manpower and material resources, the problem of electric vehicles will be gradually solved. By maximizing strengths and avoiding weaknesses, electric vehicles will gradually become popular, and their prices and usage costs will inevitably decrease.
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